Core objective:
Delay the deterioration of renal function and correct metabolic disorders
Stage-based management (CKD stages 1-5):
1) Protein control:
Non-dialysis stage:0.6-0.8 g/kg body weight per day, with high biological value proteins (such as eggs and milk) accounting for 60%.
Dialysis stage: 1.0-1.2 g/kg body weight per day, and additional supplementation of nutrients lost during dialysis is required.
2) Electrolyte regulation:
Potassium restriction: Avoid bananas, potatoes, and spinach (when serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L).
Phosphorus restriction: Fast processed foods (containing phosphate additives), and choose low-phosphorus proteins (such as egg whites).
Nutritional support:
Energy guarantee:30-35 kcal/kg body weight per day, mainly from carbohydrates (such as wheat starch and lotus root starch) to reduce the burden of nitrogen metabolism.
Vitamin supplementation: Water-soluble vitamins (vitamins B and C) need to be supplemented additionally (as they are easily lost during dialysis).
Contraindications and monitoring:
Absolute contraindication:Carambola (containing neurotoxins, prohibited for patients with renal failure).
Key indicators: Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, serum phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (iPTH).
