Hyperthyroidism
Antioxidant nutrients: Supplement vitamin C (citrus fruits) and selenium (Brazil nuts) to reduce oxidative stress.
High-calorie and high-protein diet: Increase energy intake by 50%-70% (3000-3500 kcal per day). The protein intake should be 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight, mainly plant proteins (soybean milk, soy products).
Iodine restriction: Avoid kelp and laver. Use iodized-free salt to reduce the stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis.
Potassium and calcium supplementation: Bananas and oranges can supplement potassium; low-fat dairy products can supplement calcium to prevent osteoporosis.
Avoid stimulation: Prohibit strong tea and coffee to reduce sympathetic nerve excitement.
Hypothyroidism
Appropriate iodine supplementation: Have sea fish (such as hairtail) once a week. The iodine intake should be 150 μg per day. Avoid excessive iodine intake to prevent inducing an autoimmune response.
High-fiber diet: Oats and apples (with the skin) can improve constipation, but it is necessary to take them 4 hours apart from thyroid medications.
Nutrients to promote metabolism: Zinc (oysters) and iron (lean meat) support the activity of enzymes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis.
